PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.